Jianfeng Cai

Jianfeng Cai

Master's student at the School of Information Science and Technology, USTC.

Kimi K3: Open Frontier Intelligence

Technical Report arXiv

Kimi Team, Tongtong Bai, Yifan Bai, Yiping Bao, M. C., Jianfeng Cai, Xinyuan Cai, et al.

Kimi K3 is an open-weight, native multimodal Mixture-of-Experts model with 2.8 trillion total parameters, 104 billion activated parameters, and a context window of up to one million tokens. Its architecture combines Kimi Delta Attention for efficient long-sequence modeling, Attention Residuals for improved information flow across model depth, and Stable LatentMoE, which activates 16 of 896 routed experts per token. Together with refined data and training recipes, these advances provide an approximately 2.5× improvement in overall scaling efficiency over Kimi K2.

The post-training pipeline applies reinforcement learning across general, agentic, and coding domains at multiple reasoning-effort levels, then consolidates the specialized policies through multi-teacher on-policy distillation. Supporting infrastructure enables multi-trillion-parameter pre-training, million-token agentic reinforcement learning, persistent execution environments, and efficient online serving. Evaluations show strong performance across long-horizon coding, agentic, knowledge, reasoning, and vision tasks. Although gaps to the strongest proprietary systems remain, the released model weights provide an open foundation for future research, deployment, and development.

Download paper from here or view the arXiv page. The Kimi K3 model weights are publicly available.

BibTeX formatted citation:


@misc{kimiteam2026kimik3openfrontier,
      title={Kimi K3: Open Frontier Intelligence},
      author={Kimi Team and Tongtong Bai and Yifan Bai and Yiping Bao and M. C. and Jianfeng Cai and Xinyuan Cai and Peizhou Cao and Yuxuan Cao and Ziwei Chai and Y. Charles and H. S. Che and Guanduo Chen and Guangyu Chen and Guanzheng Chen and Huarong Chen and Jia Chen and Jianlong Chen and Jun Chen and Kexin Chen and Peng Chen and Ruijue Chen and Wentao Chen and Xin Chen and Yang Chen and Yanru Chen and Yifei Chen and Yingjiang Chen and Yuankun Chen and Yujie Chen and Yutian Chen and Zhirong Chen and Dazhi Cheng and Yean Cheng and Jialei Cui and Jingbing Cui and Anqi Dai and Jiaqi Deng and Hao Ding and Rui Ding and Shaofeng Ding and Mengfan Dong and Mengnan Dong and Yuhao Dong and Yuxin Dong and Angang Du and Chenzhuang Du and Dikang Du and Jusen Du and Yulun Du and Yu Fan and Jing Feng and Qiulin Feng and Yichen Feng and Kelin Fu and Qiang Fu and Fuxuan Gao and Hongcheng Gao and Jingyue Gao and Tong Gao and Weijia Gao and Shangyi Geng and Jie Gong and Linhu Gong and Shengao Gong and Xiaochen Gong and Qizheng Gu and Yicheng Gu and Shuhao Guan and Haiqing Guo and Shiqi Guo and Xiang Guo and Zhengyan Guo and Beixi Hao and Wenxin Hao and Xiaoru Hao and Dailan He and Haotian He and Lehan He and Qi He and Weiran He and Xinran He and Xinyi He and Yibo He and Yunjia He and Chao Hong and Tiange Hong and Hao Hu and Jiaxi Hu and Ruikun Hu and Weiming Hu and Yangyang Hu and Zhenxing Hu and Liang Hua and Jinbin Huang and Ke Huang and Ruiyuan Huang and Siying Huang and Weixiao Huang and Yan Huang and Zhengjie Huang and Zhiqi Huang and Yulong Hui and Chaobo Jia and Yutong Jiang and Zhejun Jiang and Zuoyou Jiang and Wenyi Jin and Xinyi Jin and Yu Jing and Huanjun Kong and Guokun Lai and Aidi Li and Cheng Li and Chengyuan Li and Cong Li and Fang Li and Guanyu Li and Haoyang Li and Jia Li and Junxiong Li and Lei Li and Letian Li and Lincan Li and Weihong Li and Wentao Li and Xintong Li and Yang Li and Yishen Li and Yiwei Li and Yuxiao Li and Zhaowei Li and Zhaoxi Li and Zheming Li and Zhengxiao Li and Zhiyuan Li and Jiawei Lin and Xiaohan Lin and Yibo Lin and Zichao Lin and Ziyan Lin and Bill Liu and Boxiao Liu and Chuan Liu and Liang Liu and Shaowei Liu and Shudong Liu and Shuran Liu and Tianwei Liu and Weizhou Liu and Yangyang Liu and Yanming Liu and Yibo Liu and Yipeng Liu and Zhengying Liu and Zhiheng Liu and Enzhe Lu and Haoyu Lu and Linqiang Lu and Tingzhan Lu and Zhiyuan Lu and Aotian Luo and G. Luo and Junyu Luo and Yifan Luo and B. Lyu and Wenzhou Lyu and Shaoguang Mao and Yuan Mei and Xin Men and Minqing Ni and Yixuan Niu and Siyuan Pan and Shujun Peng and Zhangyang Qi and Ruoyu Qin and ZeChao Qin and Zeyu Qin and Haiquan Qiu and Jianxin Qiu and Jiezhong Qiu and Bowen Qu and Yuhao Qu and Zeyu Shang and Youbo Shao and Han Shen and Jincheng Shi and Juanfeng Shi and Lidong Shi and Shengyuan Shi and Wingchun Siu and Pengwei Song and Xiaoxi Song and Jianlin Su and Yunfeng Su and Zhaochen Su and Lin Sui and Jingsong Sun and Junyao Sun and Shaoning Sun and Shuzhe Sun and Tongyu Sun and Yujun Sun and Yunpeng Tai and Chuning Tang and Heyi Tang and Sirui Tang and Zecheng Tang and Chaoran Tian and Rongpeng Tian and Yu Tian and Wei Tu and Chensi Wang and Chuang Wang and Chunjie Wang and Dinglu Wang and Feng Wang and Hailong Wang and Haiming Wang and Hao Wang and Hao Wang and Huaqing Wang and Hui Wang and Jiayi Wang and Jinglong Wang and Jinhong Wang and Jiuzheng Wang and Linian Wang and Shaobo Wang and Shenzhi Wang and Shuyi Wang and Si Wang and Siyuan Wang and Tianfu Wang and Wenjue Wang and Xingran Wang and Xinmei Wang and Xinyuan Wang and Xusheng Wang and Yalin Wang and Yangkun Wang and Yao Wang and Yaoyu Wang and Yejie Wang and Yiqin Wang and Yucheng Wang and Yuzhi Wang and Zhaoji Wang and Zhaowei Wang and Zhengtao Wang and Zhenhao Wang and Zhongsheng Wang and Zifan Wang and Chu Wei and Ming Wei and Shouxin Wei and Zichen Wen and Fan Wu and Haoning Wu and Rucong Wu and Wenhao Wu and Xiaoxue Wu and Yingcong Wu and Yongqi Wu and Yuxin Wu and Zijian Wu and Xinglang Xian and Chenxuan Xiang and Yuye Xiang and Bocheng Xiao and Chenjun Xiao and Xin Xiao and Jin Xie and Xiaotong Xie and Yifeng Xie and Zhe Xie and Bowei Xing and Yiming Xiong and Baosheng Xu and Boyu Xu and Jiale Xu and Jianfan Xu and Jing Xu and Jinjing Xu and L. H. Xu and Qingtao Xu and Shuyao Xu and Suting Xu and Tiantian Xu and Tianxiang Xu and Weixin Xu and Xinran Xu and Yangchuan Xu and Ye Xu and Yueni Xu and Ziyao Xu and Haonan Xue and Junjie Yan and Yaoyao Yan and Fan Yang and Guangyao Yang and Hao Yang and Junwei Yang and Ruoyu Yang and Wenjie Yang and Xiaofei Yang and Xinyu Yang and Yi Yang and Yiling Yang and Ying Yang and Yuchen Yang and Zhen Yang and Zhilin Yang and Zian Yang and Zuhao Yang and Haotian Yao and Dan Ye and Haoran Ye and Wenjie Ye and Zhanbo Ye and Bohong Yin and Haoxiang Yin and Xietong Yin and Chengzhen Yu and Haozhen Yu and Longhui Yu and Shengnan Yu and Shuying Yu and Tianxiang Yu and Enming Yuan and Mengjie Yuan and Tongtian Yue and Wei Yue and Yang Yue and Dunyuan Zha and Haobing Zhan and B. H. Zhang and Dehao Zhang and Fei Zhang and Hao Zhang and Haoyuan Zhang and Huanyu Zhang and Jiapei Zhang and Jiaxuan Zhang and Jin Zhang and Kaiyi Zhang and Miaozhen Zhang and Puqi Zhang and Qinglei Zhang and Rong Zhang and Rui Zhang and Shaoshuai Zhang and Shiyi Zhang and Xiaobin Zhang and Xiaoyun Zhang and Y. Zhang and Yangkun Zhang and Ye Zhang and Yichi Zhang and Yikun Zhang and Yizhi Zhang and Yongting Zhang and Yu Zhang and Yutao Zhang and Yutong Zhang and Zheng Zhang and Zijing Zhang and Bin Zhao and Chenguang Zhao and Feifan Zhao and Jinglun Zhao and Jinxiang Zhao and Shuai Zhao and Wenshuo Zhao and Xiangyu Zhao and Xuanle Zhao and Yikai Zhao and Zijia Zhao and Haozhi Zheng and Huabin Zheng and Ruihan Zheng and Shaojie Zheng and Tengyang Zheng and Haofeng Zhong and Lei Zhong and Longguang Zhong and M. Zhou and Qiankang Zhou and Runjie Zhou and Ruozhang Zhou and Xinyu Zhou and Yiqiao Zhou and Zaida Zhou and Jinguo Zhu and Liya Zhu and Xinhao Zhu and Yangjunfeng Zhu and Yuxuan Zhu and Zhen Zhu and Chen Zhuang and Weiyu Zhuang and Xinxing Zu},
      year={2026},
      eprint={2607.24653},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.24653}
}